ATG5 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In patients with early-stage ESCC, the genetic variants of ATG5:rs1322178 (HR[95 % CI]=3.60 [1.40-9.26], p=0.008), ATG5:rs3804329 (HR[95 % CI]=3.06[1.13-8.31], p=0.029), and ATG5:rs671116 (HR[95 % CI]=1.95[1.03-3.71], p=0.041, recessive model) were significantly associated with increased risk of death in the training set (Supplementary Table 1 and Table 2).