INS and diabetes mellitus: The mechanistic effects of protein glycation on diabetes-related functions have been investigated for only a handful of these differentiating proteins: serum albumin [14,18]; CD59, an inhibitor of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which targets cells for destruction and is increased in various tissues of diabetic patients [19]; low density lipoproteins [20]; lens proteins such as α crystallins [21]; insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 [22]; β-2 microglobulin [23]; sorbitol dehydrogenase [24]; collagen [25]; glutathione reductase [26]; and insulin (reviewed below).