CTSC and Papillon-Lefevre disease: This occurs because of the lack of activation of cathepsin C in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, which ultimately results in deficit immunomodulatory and antimicrobial functions of LL-37 in gingiva that will allow bacteria such as Aggregatibacter actinomycecomitans to infect gingiva and periodontium to develop periodontal diseases.