However, the quantities of catalytic Fe(II) were not altered among the three groups analysed, and iron transporters (transferrin receptor, DMT1 and ferroportin) revealed significantly lower expression levels in the CDH/Saireito as well as CDH groups, which indicated that the amelioration of lung immaturity is not perfect, even after treatment with Saireito in utero. In total, the neonatal pulmonary oxidative stress we observed is probably associated with respiratory distress at birth due to lung immaturity and not with the direct effect of nitrofen. This evidence concerns the gene SLC40A1 and congenital diaphragmatic hernia.