Incubation of human NK cells with HSP70 protein or a peptide derived from the C-terminal domain of HSP70 [36,37] in combination with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-15 has been found to activate CD56bright/CD94+ NK cells that are able to recognize and kill membrane HSP70–positive tumour cells in vitro and in tumour mouse models [36,37]. Here, HSPA1A is linked to neoplasm.