GJA1 and diabetes mellitus: Supporting mechanistic involvement of gap junction changes in the myocardial abnormalities of DM, benefit with exercise in T2DM db/db mice is attributed to restoration of CX-43 networks [445], and beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA feeding on DM cardiomyopathy are linked to increased CX-43 expression and phosphorylation (associated with up-regulated PKCε) [414].