AKT1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: An increase in caveolin-1, reported by Penumathsa et al. [252] in hearts of T1DM rats and Bucci et al. [279] in aortic tissue, may also inhibit protective signaling, suppressing eNOS activity [296–298, 300] and promoting dephosphorylation of sarcolemma-associated Akt [301].