These include low HDL and total cholesterol levels, increased proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha), endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide), decreased apolipoprotein A-1 level, and hemorrhage and infarction in the adrenal gland due to proclivity to hemorrhage and thrombosis in cirrhosis. Here, IL6 is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.