HBE1 and hepatitis B virus infection: In this particular regard, in some countries with high burden of viral hepatitis B, universal blood screening including hepatitis B antigen, HBe antigen, and HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is done, and corresponding actions apart from routine HepB vaccine are composed of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), antiretroviral, and cesarean section.