CSF2 and melanoma: The results of a 436-patient clinical trial comparing intratumoral administration of T-VEC to subcutaneously delivered GM-CSF in patients with stage IIIb to IV melanoma, published in 2015, indicated that 16.3% of T-VEC-treated patients had a durable response to therapy, compared to the 2.1% durable response rate observed for GM-CSF treatment [33].