CD4 and schizophrenia: Based on these meta-analyses, alterations in cytokines, chemokines, lymphocytes, and oxidative stress markers have been demonstrated in the blood of patients with schizophrenia during an acute psychotic event which normalize with antipsychotic treatment (“state” markers IL1β, IL6, TGFβ and increased CD4/CD8 ratio), as opposed to other “trait” markers that remain elevated throughout the stages of the illness (20, 77).