The lysosomal inhibitor Baf A1 inhibited the production of MDC-positive vesicles induced by DDA (Supplementary Fig. 2h) and, in line with this, KD of the autophagic proteins ATG7, VPS34, and BECN1 in melanoma cells (Supplementary Fig. 2i) inhibited DDA-induced LC3-II formation (Supplementary Fig. 2j), DDA-induced MDC-labeled punctates (Supplementary Fig. 2k), and DDA-induced cell death (Fig. 2f–g). Here, PIK3C3 is linked to melanoma.