Results showed that, whilst no differences were seen in unstimulated conditions (<1% of CD14+ cells expressed TLR8 or TLR9; data not shown), agonist-stimulated TLR8- and TLR9-expressing CD14+ cells were augmented, albeit not significantly, in AD non-converters (medians: TLR8 = 2.9%, TLR9 = 3.1%) compared to AD converter (medians: TLR8 = 1.6%, TLR9 = 2%; p = 0.06 in both cases) (Fig. 1). Here, TLR9 is linked to Alzheimer disease.