However, we included the same control variables as previous studies on lipids and brain Aβ, generally adjusting for age, sex, APOE ε4, lipid-lowering treatment, and vascular risk factors.8,28, –, 30 Cardiovascular disease was self-reported, which possibly underestimates the true prevalence and may be less reliable than other measures, e.g., medical diagnoses. Here, APOE is linked to cardiovascular disorder.