BRAF and melanoma: IDTCs are characterized by increased expression of melanoma stem cell markers like NGFR, SOX10 and CD44 as well as increased expression of drug efflux genes including ABCB5, ABCA5, ABCB8 and ABCB4. Accordingly, IDTCs were found to be multi-drug resistant as neither increased concentrations of BRAF inhibitor, the MEK inhibitor GSK1120212 nor cisplatin showed any significant effect on these slow cycling cells (Ravindran Menon et al. 2015).