MLH1 and cancer: Its defects may result in microsatellite instability (MSI), a type of genetic instability related to colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and endometrial cancer, etc. [1–3] Interest in MLH1 has increased in the last few years because MLH1 was discovered as a key component in MMR for MSI, and its dysfunction is supposed to be implicated in cancer predisposition.