CLCA4 and urinary bladder carcinoma: To further explore the molecular mechanisms of proliferation, migration and metastasis inhibited by CLCA4 in bladder cancer, GSEA of publicly available gene expression array data was analysed, and we found that CLCA4 expression was negatively associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, and the expression of EMT related genes (Figure 6A).