MIEN1 and cancer: Taken together, our data imply that other mechanisms are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation by GRB7, MIEN1, or PGAP3. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the functional role of these genes in GC cells, although a few studies have reported the cancer-promoting role of MIEN1 in breast [32], oral [33], and prostate cancer [34], and the involvement of GRB7 or STARD3 in breast cancer cell invasion, survival [35], and cell proliferation [31].