KRAS and cancer: In type-I endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, dysfunction of DNA mismatch repair genes and gene mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) have been shown to be associated with carcinogenesis of the endometrium [11, 12, 13], whereas gene mutations in TP53 have been reported to be associated with high-level invasive and metastatic properties of cancer cells [14, 15, 16].