A meta-analysis of patient-level data of 1860 non-diabetic CKD patients revealed antihypertensive regimens that include ACEi are more effective than regimens without ACE inhibitors in slowing the progression of non-diabetic renal disease which demonstrated relative risk in the ACEi group was 0.69 (CI, 0.51 to 0.94) for end-stage renal disease [51]. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and chronic kidney disease.