TGF-β also induces HIF-1α stabilization and LDH5 expression via TGF-β-induced HIF-1α overexpression, which promotes glycolysis energy metabolism and lactate production through activating HIF-1α-regulated glycolytic enzymes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [16]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.