CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Increased expression of miR-145, miR-223, and miR-494 was found in bronchial brushings from CF patients as compared to non-CF brushings [61,62] and demonstrated the complexity in post-transcriptional regulation of CFTR. Megiorni et al. found that increased levels of miR-101 and miR-494 repress CTFR expression in vitro [59], whereas miR-138 was found to repress SIN3A, leading to increased CFTR levels [63].