TGFB1 and varicose ulcer: Several studies concerning advanced forms of dermal pathology in CVI patients (i.e., dermal fibrosis and venous ulcers) have identified CVI dermal fibroblasts as an important target for leukocyte-derived TGF-β1, and established a link between CVI progression and increased tissue levels of TGF-β1, MMP2 activity and decreased TGF-β1 induced mitogenic responses of fibroblasts [4,15,120,129,130].