CASC3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Moreover, the addition of BTZ to the current NSCLC chemotherapeutic regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin did not improve the results of gemcitabine and cisplatin alone [86, 88] even though in vitro studies with NSCLC cells demonstrated a schedule-dependent effect of BTZ increasing the expression of deoxycytidine kinase, the activating enzyme for gemcitabine, and concomitantly levels of the active metabolite of gemcitabine [89].