IL1B and infection: Using qPCR to characterize the expression of IL1B, IFN γ, and IL6 genes to provide insights into the role of innate immune response in protection against NDV and AIV subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 infection, results of cytokines (IL1b, IL6, and IFN γ) genes expression showed the presence of upregulation of the three genes with marked increase in IL6 gene expression in all types of prepared vaccines compared to the internal control of chickens 5-day postvaccination (Figures-2,4,5).