One of these 23 risk loci, the 17q12 locus is mapped to six chemokine ligands by Hi-C in liver: CCL1, CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, and CCL13. Additionally, prioritized genes include 11 cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL10, IL19, IL23R, IL24, IL27, IL33, IL1RL1, IL18R1, and IL18RAP) wherein IL18R1 and IL18RAP are also mapped by eQTLs in whole blood and IL23R and IL27 are also mapped by deleterious coding SNPs which further supports the involvement of these cytokine genes in CD. This evidence concerns the gene CCL8 and Cowden disease.