CCND1 and prostate cancer: Prostate cancer cells (human prostate cancer cells, PC3 and LNCaP) treated with M. charantia extracts accumulated S phase cell populations, modulated cyclin D1, cyclin E, and p21 expression, enhanced Bax expression, induced PARP cleavage and delayed the progression to high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) mice [154].