Lesinurad (Fig. 1), a newer drug to treat hyperuricemia associated with refractory gout that functions by targeting the urate-anion exchanger transporter (URAT1), was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) in December 2015 [11, 12], for combination therapy with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The gene discussed is XDH; the disease is gout.