MTOR and glioblastoma: Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone derived from natural products, demonstrating oxidative mechanism related to AKT/mTOR pathway modulation, MAPK survival, and proliferation pathway in TMZ-resistant GBM cells [57]. Aframomum arundinaceum extract [90], 8-hydroxycudraxanthone G, cudraxanthone I [91], and sobavachalcone [90] were observed to have hypersensitivity, which means lower drug resistance, to GBM cells.