Interestingly, Yang et al. found that expression of IL-1β was downregulated in the CD34+CD38− LSC-enriched population of AML cells compared with mature blasts and normal CD34+ cells, and that lentiviral expression of IL-1β in these cells inhibited their self-renewal and promoted cell cycle progression (94). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.