GDF15 and Sepsis: Our study comprising 219 patients including 146 sepsis patients revealed (i) highly elevated GDF-15 in ICU patients versus healthy controls (median values about 5-fold increased), (ii) higher levels in sepsis versus nonsepsis patients, (iii) close associations between serum GDF-15 and organ dysfunction as well as inflammation, and (iv) an exceptional value of GDF-15 as a biomarker predicting ICU and overall mortality in critically ill patients, especially with sepsis.