VEGFA and breast carcinoma: Similarly, breast cancer patient serum is measured to have 25-to-40-fold higher PDGF levels than VEGF (Fig. 10A), so when considering VEGF-A and PDGFs, we predict up to 90% steady state ligation by PDGFs in breast cancer and nearly 100% ligation by PDGFs under conditions of anti-VEGF therapy (Fig. 10B).