INS and Insulin resistance: We also directly measured PTPRG expression in liver biopsies from another human cohort and found a strong positive correlation between PTPRG expression and the expression of NF-κB targets IkBA, MnSOD, and IL624 (Supplementary Fig. 1c–e) and subjects’ homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; an index of insulin resistance), and circulating insulin and glucose levels (Fig. 1f–h).