EPO and ischemic stroke: EPO significantly improved long-term neurological outcome after ischemic stroke in a recent study by Tsai and colleagues,21 whereas results have been inconclusive in subarachnoid haemorrhage.71 Following moderate or severe TBI, Nichol and coworkers could not show that EPO reduced the number of patients with severe neurological dysfunction on outcome scales 6 months after trauma.23 Although not significant, there was an interesting trend toward a favorable outcome with regard to mortality in the EPO treatment group.