Similar upregulation of Ca2+/NO with concomitant mitochondria oxidative stress was recently demonstrated in LC catecholaminergic neurons (Sanchez-Padilla et al., 2014) and SN neurons exposed to aSyn preformed fibrils (Dryanovski et al., 2013), indicating that this pathway may be commonly activated under stress conditions.aSyn is the best established participant in the molecular pathology of PD, as mutations in the SNCA gene or its multiplication produce monogenic forms of PD (Eriksen et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.