For example, vemurafenib (Zelboraf®, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland), a potent inhibitor of BRAF, significantly improved OS and progression-free survival (PFS), compared with dacarbazine, in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma harboring a BRAFV600E mutation [16]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and metastatic melanoma.