We found that GAD65-specific clonotypes in T1D patients are shorter than in non-diabetic autoantibody-positive patients30 (n = 479 and n = 387, respectively; Fig. 8d, compare red and blue lines) and again, these published T1D GAD65 clonotypes were shorter than the healthy donors’ global TCR repertoire (Fig. 8d, compare red and black lines). Here, GAD2 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.