CSF2 and cancer: Depending on the cellular context and type of growth factor involved, Dusp16 appears to differentially impact on cellular proliferation, since bone marrow cell proliferation in response to GM-CSF was reduced in Dusp16−/− mice (Niedzielska et al., 2014) and shRNA knockdown in several cancer cell lines induced cellular senescence and cell cycle arrest (Zhang et al., 2015).