Consistent with our current and previous results using clinical samples, galectin-1 protein levels gradually increased in the retina of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes over time (303.7 ± 37.5, 423.7 ± 38.4, 453.8 ± 44.0, 452.4 ± 41.6, and 488.7 ± 67.2 pg/mg at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks after STZ injection, respectively) compared to citrate buffer as a vehicle control (269.3 ± 16.7, 301.4 ± 20.9, 315.5 ± 27.9, 288.5 ± 27.8, and 252.9 ± 16.7 pg/mg at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks, respectively) (Fig. 1B). The gene discussed is LGALS1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.