While the tumor progressed faster, the data confirmed that tumor growth inhibition was inhibited only when the drug was delivered via PD-1-targeting nanoparticles; sundry control formulations—including multivalent anti-PD-1 on blank nanoparticles plus free SD-208—had no effect on tumor progression or mouse survival (Supplementary Fig. 9a, b). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.