ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Although advanced or metastatic (late-stage) NSCLC has routine testing for targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, there is still lack of validated genetic risk stratification score to select patients who may best benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) among early-stage resected NSCLC patients4.