Moreover, the high expression of PIWIL1 may dependent on its promoter DNA hypomethylation but not the mutations of SMGs.Several studies have revealed that cell fate regulation during spermatogenesis and cell transformation during oncogenesis has shared characteristics, such as immortalization, invasion, induction of meiosis, indicating that aberrant activation of CT genes may drive tumor growth and progression 1, 24. Here, PIWIL1 is linked to neoplasm.