In particular, studies found that ageing was associated with (a) higher circulating (IL6, TNF-α, and IL10) and brain (IL1b, IL6, TNF-α) cytokines levels or transcripts, (b) increased activated microglia cells and astrocytes, and (c) sickness behavior and reduced cognitive skills with reduced performance at different tests including those evaluating to anxiety, attention or cognition, or activity (fear conditioning, water maze, novel object recognition, attentional set-shifting, social exploratory, general activity, or locomotor test). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Anxiety.