GPD2 and Insulin resistance: Glycerol α-phosphate is oxidized by GPD2 for transfer of cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and interestingly, the glucose-lowering effect of metformin has been attributed to inhibition of this enzyme.9 The drop of glycerol α-phosphate levels in EOW mice correlated with lower hepatic triglyceride levels and decreased susceptibility to age-associated metabolic disorder, e.g., hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, and liver steatosis.