BTK and infection: Although innate immune contributions for BTK in in vivo infection models with Btk gene knockout or Xid mice have to be interpreted with care (see below), a role for BTK/Btk in the sensing of multiple microbes has been reported: Sensing and antimicrobial responses to Listeria monocytogenes (9), Staphylococcus aureus (10), dengue virus (11), and Aspergillus fumigatus (12) were shown to depend on BTK.