CCL2 and Insulin resistance: (2) ➀Regulate host metabolic parameters: reduce body weight gain, fat mass development, inflammation (serum IL-6, MCP-1), cholesterolemia and insulin resistance, and increase gut junction proteins.➁Regulate host adipose tissue: reduce lipogenesis (Fatty acid synthase), fatty acid oxidation (carnitinepalmitoyl transferase-1), fatty acid uptake (lipoprotein lipase) and GPR-43 expression, and increase adipocyte area and rumenic acid.