In contrast to long-term functional abnormalities in the activity of neuronal cells described by several authors (Stewart et al., 2003; Nurgali et al., 2007) and confirmed in the present study by denoting hypoactivity of cholinergic neurotransmission, we found no obvious modifications in the cellular density and distribution of specific neuronal cell markers (e.g., NF200, PGP 9.5, VAChT, nNOS) in TNBS-induced ileitis. Here, NOS1 is linked to Crohn ileitis.