The spleen-dependence of the protective effect of nicotine has been already demonstrated in a model of lethal polymicrobial sepsis, where the activation of the innate immune system was considered pivotal to the development of the inflammatory process (Huston et al., 2006), but the involvement of the spleen in the modulation of adaptive immune responses by selective exogenous stimulation of α7 nAChRs is a novel finding. This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA7 and Sepsis.