SMAC mimetics bind to IAP proteins in the same way that SMAC does, and have been shown to be part of effective single-agent or multi-agent treatment for HNSCC cell lines, GIST cell lines overexpressing cIAP1, a nasopharygeal cancel cell line overexpressing cIAP1, and ABC diffuse B cell lymphomas19,38–40. The gene discussed is BIRC2; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.