Our findings that laboratory-induced bleaching of Aiptasia is associated with increased expression and activity of NF-κB and that infection of naïve aposymbiotic Aiptasia larvae with Symbiodinium reduces NF-κB expression are consistent with recent findings showing that introduction of Symbiodinium into Aiptasia larvae resulted in decreased NF-κB mRNA five days later34. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.