The purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and lung cancer driver gene, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rate sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and echinoderm microtubuleassociated protein-like 4 -anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) and to summarize the role of lung cancer driver gene and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway interaction in the tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and lung cancer.